This month, RESOLVE highlights recommended readings from the Policy Note, "Stigma, Shame, and Fear: Navigating Obstacles to Peace in Mindanao." In this note, author Haroro J. Ingram explores how stigma, shame, and fear may act as obstacles but also opportunities that need to be understood and appropriately harnessed in disengagement and reintegration initiatives. In the Policy Note, Ingram includes a framework of recommendations that are largely grounded in peacebuilding approaches. The publications in this What We’re Reading were suggested by the author to offer a more in-depth look at the history of peace processes in Mindanao, the Bangsamoro Autonomous Region of Muslim Mindanao, ‘peace spoilers’ in Mindanao, applying the linkage approach to inform propaganda analysis and PCVE programs, and peacebuilding approaches to disengagement and reintegration. 

On the history of peace processes in Mindanao

Bacani, Benedicto R. “The Mindanao Peace Talks.” United States Institute of Peace, Special Report, January 2005. https://www.usip.org/sites/default/files/sr131.pdf.

Martin, Eugene. “On the Issues: Philippines,” United States Institute of Peace, September 18, 2008. https:// www.usip.org/publications/2008/09/issues-philippines.

Rood, Steven. The Philippines. New York: Oxford University Press, 2019. https://global.oup.com/academic/ product/the-philippines-9780190920609?cc=us&lang=en&.

On the Bangsamoro Autonomous Region of Muslim Mindanao

Abuza, Zachary, and Luke Lischin. “The Challenges Facing the Phlippines’ Bangsamoro Autonomous Region at One Year.” United States Institute of Peace, Special Report, June 10, 2020. https://www.usip.org/index. php/publications/2020/06/challenges-facing-philippines-bangsamoro-autonomous-region-one-year.

Mindanao People’s Caucus. Main Report: Rapid Midterm Review of the Bangsamoro Transition Period. October 2020. https://iag.org.ph/images/pdf/Part_II_ _Main_REPORT_October_262020.pdf.

Ranada, Pia. “Checklist: What Bangsamoro gov’t has accomplished so far.” Rappler, January 21, 2021. https://www.rappler.com/newsbreak/iq/checklist-bangsamoro government-accomplishments.

On ‘peace spoilers’ in Mindanao

Franco, Joseph. Unpacking Violent Extremism: Dynamics in the Philippines. Washington, D.C.: RESOLVE Network, 2020. https://doi.org/10.37805/pn2020.2.sea.

Ingram, Kiriloi M. “Revisiting Marawi: Women and the Struggle Against the Islamic State in the Philippines.” Lawfare, August 4, 2019. https://www.lawfareblog.com/ revisiting-marawi-women-and-struggle-against-islamic-state-philippines.

Jadoon, Amira, Nakissa Jahanbani, and Charmaine Willis. “Rising in the East: The evolution of the Islamic State in the Philippines.” Combating Terrorism Center At West Point, December 2020. https://ctc.usma. edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/Rising-in-the-East-Report-2.pdf.

On applying the linkage approach to inform propaganda analysis and PCVE programs

Berger, JM. Extremism. Cambridge: MIT Press, 2018. https://www.penguin.com.au/books/ extremism-9780262535878.

ElSayed, Lilah, Sara Zeiger, Muna Chung, and Farangiz Atamuradova. Planting the Seeds of the Poisonous Tree: Establishing a system of meaning through ISIS education. Washington, D.C.: George Washington University Program on Extremism, 2021. https://isisfiles.gwu.edu/ catalog f%5Bmember_of_collection_ids_ssim%5D%5B%5D=z316q1572.

Ingram, Haroro J. “The Strategic Logic of Islamic State’s Full-spectrum Propaganda.” In ISIS Propaganda: A FullSpectrum Extremist Message edited by Stephane J. Baele, Katharine A. Boyd, and Travis G. Coan, 20-49. New York: Oxford University Press, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190932459.003.0002.

Reed, Alastair, and Jennifer Dowling. “The role of historical narratives in extremist propaganda.” Defence Strategic Communications, Volume 4 (Spring 2018): 79-104. https://www.stratcomcoe.org/ alastair-reed-jennifer-dowling-role-historical-narratives-extremist-propaganda.

Whittaker, Joe, and Lilah Elsayed. “Linkages as a lens: An exploration of strategic communications in P/ CVE,” Journal of Deradicalization 20 (2019). https://journals.sfu.ca/jd/index.php/jd/article/view/243.

On peacebuilding approaches to disengagement and reintegration

Bosley, Chris. “Violent extremist disengagement and reconciliation: A peacebuilding approach.” United States Institute of Peace, 2020. https://www.usip.org/publications/2020/07/ violent-extremist-disengagement-and-reconciliation-peacebuilding-approach.

Steadman, Leanne Erdberg. “Disengagement and Reconciliation in Conflict-Affected Settings.” United States Institute of Peace, 2020. https://www.usip.org/publications/2020/08/ disengagement-and-reconciliation-conflict-affected-settings.